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SEND UP PAPERS 2nd Professional 2008
Pharmacology.....PMC 1.a.explain y the combination of nitrate wid a beta -blocker or a calcium channel blocker may be more effective than either alone. b. describe mech of action n uses of PRAZOSIN 2.a.uses n contraindicatons of betaadrenocepter blockers b. mech. of ant platelet action of ASPIRIN 3.a.clinical significance of knowledge abt the volume of distribution of drugs b. compare the efficacy and potency of two drugs on bases of their dose response curves. 4.mech. of action n side effects of phenytoin sodium b .clinical applications of antimuscarinic drugs 5..a.. nicotinic n muscuranic actions of actylcholine. b. describe briefly hazards of insulin use 6. drugs used in treatment of myasthenia gravis n beneficail effects of using neostigmin over other drugs of this disease. 7a ..steps used for the management of organophosphorus comp. poisoning b. define malignant hyperthermia and name the drugs used for its treatment. 8.a mech. of action of a. digoxin b. calcium channel blockers 9.pharmacological effects of amiodarone and its advantage over other antiarrhythmic drugs 10.classify anti-hypertensive drugs 11.a.compare n contrast heparin n warfarin sodium regarding their mech. of action and side effects b. uses of cylcophosphamide 12. classify drugs used to treat bronchial Asthma 13.a.mech.of action of Omeprazol n propylthiouracil 14.a.adverse effects of chloropromazine b. mech .of action and side effects of fluoxetine 15.a.mech. of action n clinical uses of rifampin b.mech. of action of thiazolidinediones 16.a.mech. of action n side effeects of interferon-a 17. side effects of thiazide diuretics b.mech of action of methotrexate n side effects 18.classify drugs of peptic ulcer
Pathology....PMC ( LAST CLASS TEST) 1. a) Give 2 difference between viruses, bacteria & fungi b) Name 4 RNA & 4 DNA viruses with one example of disease caused by each 2. Describe and give example of a) Acute viral infection b) Late complications following an acute infection c) Latent viral infection d) Chronic viral infection e) Slow viral infection 3. A doctor working in Allied Hospital gets needle stick injury. After 3 months while undergoing routine examinations he is found to have 3 fold rise in his ALT level. He has been vaccinated for Hepatitis B in past and is negative for HBs Ag a) Which hepatotrophic virus can be transmitted to him by the needle stick injury? b) Which further tests can confirm this diagnosis? c) Should he be isolated? 4. a) State the median incubation period for AIDS b) Briefly describe changes that marks the progression from HIV +ve to AIDS, in-terms of viral load, exhaustion of the lymph poetic system and immune responses? 5. a) What are differences between primary and secondary anti-body responses against protein antigen b) What is immunological tolerance? c) What are possible mechanisms by which infections promote the development of auto-immunity 6. State the functions of following as they relate to innate immunity a) Pathogen associated molecular pattern b) Tall like receptors c) Natural killer cells 7. Sensitizing our immune cells to specific antigens provides us with immunological memory and production, however it causes tissue damage a) What is the condition known as? b) Mention its 4 types with one example each 8. a) What are principal mechanisms of rejection of Allograft b) What is mixed lymphocyte reaction c) What is major problem associated with transplantation of bone marrow cells 9. a) Name 4 opportunistic fungi b) Mention 3 laboratory methods for diagnosis of fungal disease 10. A patient is given large doses of broad spectrum anti-biotic and subsequently developed fungal infection of vagina. a) Name causative organisms b) Which non-specific body defense is impaired by anti-biotic action c) What particular age group of females are more susceptible to this infection and why?
Forensic Medicine....PMC 1.define child marriage restraint act 1929. wot is fornication (sec 496B) of woman protection act 2006. 2.enlist 4 types of autopsies wot r various pre-autopsy artifacts 3.medical ethics.. enlist 6 imp point in various medical codes 4.enlist 4 types of rifling of a firearm. wot is mech. of wound production in terminal ballistics 5.give 3Ds in the personal factors involved in road traffic accidents wid one example in each case. wot is site n mech. ov whiplash injuries if a. vehicle is hit form the back b. in head on collision 6. classify snakes on the bases of mech. of toxicity. wot r the contents of snake venom 7.classify pesticides . wot is the medico-legal imp. pf pesticides 8.wot is the mech. of action ,,post-mortem findings n medico-legal imp. of barbiturate poisoning. 9.enlist 4 cardiac poisons. give sign n symptoms in corrosive poisoning cases.
Pathology.....RMC 1. A forty year old child presents with dyspepsia n retrosternal burning in the chest.endoscopy show chronic acid refluxing esophagus, with change in epithelia. a. name cellular adaptation likely to present? b.name 3 cellular adaptation with most likely underlying cause? 2 .23 yr old med student with chronic cough, night sweats, low grade fever, present in med opd. Chest x ray show radio opaque shadowing of apices of lungs a. name four cells of chronic inflammation? b.name 3 granulomatous conditions and mention microbial agent? 3 a. Mention 3 local n 3 systemic factors which retard wound healing? b.name 2 differences of wound healing by primary n secondary intention? 4. a.39 yr old lady give birth to infant with transverse palmer crease, low set ears,palpebral fissures n heart murmur. The infant survive to childhood n exhibit mental retardation. He has increase predisposition for acute leukemia an Alzheimer’s. a..Name genetic disorder and trisomy infant is born with? b. What r defects in meiotic division/mutation that lead to above disorder? 5 a.name 4 types of shock with its 1 cause? b. .draw flow chart explaining mechanism of endotoxin shock/ 6. Name 5 auto immune diseases n hypersensitivity involved? 7. draw flow chart showing molecular basis of cancer? 8. Single most effective method to top spreading infects by doc is handwashing after examining pt. A.can u sterilize ur hand? b.Name method to sterilize plastic disposable syringes. c.draw n label cell wall of gram negative bacteria 9 a. What is significant bacteriurea? B. name bacteria which cause 80-90% n 10-20% of acute UTI in females of child bearing age? c. Mention steps u ll advise to female pt for prevention? 10. a .give 2 differences between cysts n trophozoites of e.histolytica n e.coli? b. define parasite, host,definite host,intermediate host, reservoir host ,vector? 11. Write cancers of these tumor markers afp,psa,calcitonon,CEA,CA 125,p53 mutation in urine,neuron specific enolase,CA 15-3,immunoglobulos 12. What r theses abbreviations for? MDRT, MRSA, VDRL, DOTS, NGU, TSI, TPI, TSST 13. a. How streptococci classified into 3 groups according to hemolysis? b. Mention 4 disease caused by gp A streptococci? c.give 3 morphology n identification features of streptococcus pmnemoniae?
Forensic Medicine.....QAMC
1. Enumerate the objectives of
medico-legal autopsy. Describe the postmortem change in
relation to time
2. Define mechanical asphyxia & classify it. Describe autopsy finding @ neck region in case of throttling 3. What is the mode of action of mineral acids & enumerate the postmortem finding in stomach in case of carbolic acid poisoning. How will you manage the case of opium poisoning 4. Describe the dermatological manifestation in case of chronic arsenic poisoning. Describe the lab. investigation to diagnose plumbism 5. Write short notes on Law; psychological autopsy;lacerations;xanthoprotiec test;choking in shot guns General Pathology.....QAMC
1. Classify Immunoglobulins.
Describe the role of IgM & IgG
2. Describe Arthus reaction. Describe gentics of HLA 3. Describe morphology of Pseudomonas auriginosa.Give its lab diagnosis 4. Name the diarrhea causing organisms. Lab diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae 5. How will you define Virus. Name general chracteristics of virus. Name differnet ways to study virus 6. A 39 yr old male patient with progressive demntia have oblique palpebral fissure,empicanthic fold,with IQ 45. What is the most likely diagnosis & wat is its genetic mechanism. Mention the investigation of choice & what serum markers are useful for prenatal screening of this genetic disease 7. Enumerate chemical medicators of inflammation. Describe the mechanism if phagocytosis in acute inflammation. 8. Define & classify granuloma. Describe the fate oh thrombus 9. Describe the stages of shock.Give the pathophysiological classification of edema 10. Define neoplasm.Give chracteristics of malignant neoplasm.Name different group of carcinogenic chemicals with their examples 11. Write note on spred of tumours.Write note on cyclins & cyclin-dependent kinases 12. Give the life-cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides.Draw & label differnt morphological forms of trypanosome 13. Name the hemoparasites.Give life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum 14. Define Necrosis.Give its morphological types & examples Pharmacology.......FMH Lahore
1. Define Bio-transformation.
Explain conjugation with examples.Define
idiosyncracy,intrinsic activity & cummulation
2. Classify alpha Adrenergic blockers. Enumerate the therapeutic uses of neostgmine 3. Classify deplorizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. Expalin phase-II of succinylcholine.What do you know about on-off phenomenon in the treatment of parkinsonism 4. Enumerate the adverse reaction of typical anti-psychotic drugs. MOA of morphine 5. Enumerte class-IV anti-arrythmic drugs with their MOA.Explain toxicity of nitroprusside 6. Enumerate the drugs causing dissociative anesthesia.Expalin pharmacological feature of any one of them.Write down MOA & adverse effects of metacloperamide 7. Explain clinical role of methy xanthines in the treatment of chronic asthma.Enumerate indications & contra-indications of warfarin therapy 8. Classify H1 recptor antagonists.Write down MOA of thiazide diuretics 9. Enumerate clinical uses & adverse effects of choloremphenicol.MOA of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors 10. Antibacterial spectrum of co-trimoxazole.Incationz for insulin therapy 11. Write down mechanism of resistance acquired by CMV against Ganciclovir.Write down the mechanism of adverse effects of methotrexate 12. Enlist the drugs for use in hodgkin's lymphoma. How does asprin shows anti-platelet effect.Explain drug interaction of allopurinol with asprin with its mode of action PAHARMACOLOGY .....WAH MEDICAL COLLEGE1. a) name the phase II reactions of biotranformation. What is the characreristic of phase I metabolites. b) describe the G-proteins coupled signal transduction of m3 receptors. 2. Enumerate th. Uses of beta blockers. 3. Enlist the advantages of: SSRIs over TCAs Buspione over benzodiazepines 4. Describe the MOS of etanercetp in rh. Arthritis. Enumerate the shared toxicities of NSAIDs due to prostaglandin inhibition. 5. Describe the mechanism of beneficial effects of nitriglycerine in classical angina. Enumerate the a\e of ACE inhibitors 6. Classify loop diuretics. Enumerate the clinical uses of thiazide diuretics. 7. Name low molecular weight heparins. Describe the MOA of warfarin as anticoagulants. 8. Give the MOA of: Omeprazole in peptic ulcer. Castor oil in constipation 9. Name bronchodilators drugs. Describe the MOA of leukotriene pathway inhibitors in bronchial asthma. 10. Name orally active 3rd generation cephalosporins. Describe MOA of penicillins. 11. How does chloroquine act as an anti-malarial drug. Describe shared toxities of aminoglycosides. 12. Briefly describe MOA of: Acyclovir as antiviral drug. Amphotericin B an antifungal. Mebendazole as antihetminthic. 13. Name mitotic spindle poisons used as anticancer drugs. Describe MOA of methotrexate & enumerate its th. Uses. 14. Describe MOA of: Combined oral contraceptives Exenetide in diabetes Enumerate th. Uses of glucocorticoids FORENSIC MEDICINE .......WAH MEDICAL COLLEGE1. You are working in THQ hospital as CMO. A female of about 35yr is brought to you for the treatment of poisoning. What are your legal duties in this case. 2. There was a suicidal blast at the gate of a factory ehwn the workers were coming out after performing their duties. Mention the factors responsible for causing the different injuries along with their mechanism. 3. A man about 50yr of age is brought to you at THQ hospital for medicolegal certification. On examination multiple blunt, sharp and firearm injuries were present on the body. How would you classify these inhuries under Qisas & Diyat Act. 4. While your posting as a Medical Officer at an intedrated rural health care, a 50yr old unconscious male is brought to you for treatment. On examination pupils were pinpoint: typical smell from yhe body: the body was bathed in sweat: respiratory rate was 04\min: chyene stroke breathing was present. How wil you treat this patient. 5. A female student of about 18 years of age is referred to atertiary care hospital for management of attacks of convulsions. How would decide whether she is suffering from poisoning or a disease. 6. A young adult from theprovince of sindh did the court marriage. She is brought to you by the police for the assessment of age. How would you proceed to examine the case and what tests would you perform in this case. 7. Five females were birries alive in a single gravein desert area after inflicting multiple injuries upon them. You have ordered by the court to proceed for exhumation, what will be the requirements & steps for this procedure. 8. A married female about 30 years of age with alleged history of Zina bil Jabr is referred is refers to the DHQ hospital for medicolegal assasment. What will the possible findings on the body of the female & what specimens you would like to collect. 9. Write shirt note on: Res ispa loquitar Pederasty Diagnosis of death 10. Write shirt note on: Sexual deviations Manner of death. Presumption of survivorship PATHOLOGY......WAH MEDICAL COLLEGEQ.1 A. Name four oncogenic viruses and give one example of tumor associated with each. B. A physician was treating two patients with malignancies -- Mrs. A and Mr. B. After performing a series of tests, it was determined that Mrs. A's disease was staged as "T2/N1/MO" while Mr. B's was staged as "T3/N3/M1." a. What did these staging expressions mean? b. Did Mrs. A or Mr. B have the better prognosis? Q.2 A. Enlist local and systemic factors that influence wound healing. .B. "Granulation" or "organization" is an important stage in wound repair. a. What are the microscopic features of this stage? Enumerate biokgical functions of complement system. B. A 10-year-old boy who is mentally retarded and able to carry out activities of daily living, including feeding and dressing himself. On physical examination, he has brachycephaly and oblique palpebral fissures with prominent epicanthal folds. A transverse crease is seen on the palm of each hand. On auscuitatron of the chest, there is a grade IlI/IV systolic murmur. a. What is the most likely diagnosis? b. Which karyotype is most likely to be present in this child? —c. Which disease / complication is he most likely to develop by the age 20? Q.4 A/Enumerate various morphological patterns of acute inflammation with example of each. B. A 62 year-old woman died of a long-standing disease. At autopsy, a large number of small nodules were found in her lung. On microscopic examination of several of these, fibroblasts, capillaries, necrosis along with many lymphocytes, plasma cel1, epithelloid cells and giant cells were seen. — a. What were the nodules? b. Why they are called this? c. What was the pathologic condition that was characterized by these nodules?
Q.5 A. A pathologist examined a
sample of tissue taken from a atient
under the microscope. He/she reported that nutrcphils and dijated blood vesss have dominated the tissue sample. Based on this information: a. What pathologic process was occurring here? b. What do you suspect the patient's signs and symptoms to be? B. Enlist three causes and three morphological features of chronic inflammation. Q.6 A A premature neonate suffers-from pneumonia and sepsis. Sputum culture on blood agar plate yields pin-pointed p-hemolytic colonies. Streptococcus agalactiae and L. monocytogenes are two important neonatal pathogens which produce 3-hemoIysis on blood agar. a. Name a simple test, which can differentiate between these two organisms. 9._B. Enlist tests to identify Staphylococcus saprophyticus, mention clinical infection&due to this organism. Q.7 Name four non-lactose fermenter members of Enterobactereciae family'How you will differentiate them from non lactose fermenter Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Q.8 A. A physician removed a piece of liver and had it examined under the light microscope. The ensuing report indicated that many hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) contained clear droplets. Some of the droplets were so large that the nuclei were pushed off to one side producing a "signet ring" appearance. a. What was the condition that caused these changes? b. Could the cells return to normal if the cause of the change was removed? B. Franklin Roosevelt was stricken with poliomyelitis long before he was elected President. After being stricken, he found that he was not able to walk because his leg muscles were inoperable. As a result, he was confined to a wheel chair for the rest of his life. Those close to him reported that his legs turned to "skin and bones" and that his "leg muscles seemed to disappear."
a. What did they mean?
b. What pathologic process affected Roosevelt's leg muscles? c. What probably caused the change? C. After a young man took up weight lifting for over a year, his upper arm muscles doubled in mass. Examination of a small piece of muscle revealed that no new cells were added. a. How was that possible? Briefly explain your answer. Q.9 A. Laboratory tests are ordered for two hospitalized patients. During the phlebotomy procedure, Vacutainer tubes drawn from these patients are mislabeled. One of the patients receives a blood transfusion later that day. Within one hour after the transfusion of RBCs begins, the patient becomes tachycardic , hypotensive and passes pink colored urine, 4 a. Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction in this patient. -'19 -Kit . Enlist four other conditions in which this type of reaction is seen. B. A 34-year-old woman has experienced increasing muscular weakness over the past 5 months. The weakness is more pronounced in voluntary muscles that are used extensively, producing symptoms such as dJpopia, tosis and difficulty in swallowing. After a night's sleep, her symptoms have lessened. On physical examination, she is afebrile. No skin rashes are noted. Muscle strength is 5/5 initially but diminishes with repetitive movements. Assay of serum reveals elevated levels of circulating Acety[choline receptor antibodies. a. What is the most likely diagnosis? b. Name the type of hypersensitivity reaction in this patient. C. Define immunologic tolerance. Enumerate mchanism.sJnvolved in Peripheral tolerance. Q.10 A Two of three family members had dinner at a local restaurant in Wah and within 48 hours, experienced double vision, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, and breathing problems. a. Enumerate the cause of these symptoms? rci" B. Write mechanism of disease production by Clostridiumperfingens. Q.11 How Mycobacterium
tuberculosiscauses tisue_destruction jn University of Lahore.....Pharmacology 1 was therapeutic indx.wot dos it tel 2 factors afcting absorption of drugs 4m git 3 wot r symptoms of organopho n tretm 4 action of digoxin 5 wots cyclophophamide its mechanism toxic effects 6 merits dmerits of halothane 7clasify cephalo n their mechanism 8 classify antihypertens. 9 ady effect of amitryptaline 10 compare tubocurar n suxameth 11 how dos cromolyn sodium n terbutaline act 12 classify local anaesthe.
13 ulcer healing drugs.
PHARMACOLOGY.... AIMC
Q1. Define the following...
Q8. Enumerate
Q14. Write
PATHOLOGY AIMC
Q3. A 21 year old man complains of pain on micturition, pus like
discharge n tingling sensation in his penis. He gave history of
sexual contact wid several female partners over the past 2
years. a gram smear of the discharge shows presence of
intracellular gm -ive diplococci
Q 5. a) Name the techniques by which genetic material is
transferred from one bacterial cell to another....2
Q 9. a) Name 5 tumor suppressor genes.. 1.5
Q13. a) Define METAPLASIA. Give 3 examples?.... 2
FORENSIC MEDICINE….AIMC Pharmacology.......NMC 1 name opiod receptors,their location n action, clincl app of mepridine 2 adv efct of clopromazine 3 clasify gnrl anesthetics ,toxic efct of cocaine 4 antiepileptics mechansm of phenytoin,clncl app of carbamazepine 5 clasify penicilin acordng to antimicrobl spctrum 6 mechnsm of zidovudine,list antimicrobic spctrm of metronidazole 7 note on ethambutol n ethanol 8 therapeutic app of amantadine n grisofulvin 9 uses of rifampin,3rd gen cephalospo
Pharmacology .....RMC adverse effects of :
MOPP regimen HAART Anti-TB drugs Chloroquine Tachyphylaxsis Volume ov Distribution Alpha blockers Anti-Diabetics Contraindications of Lithium
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